A porous material made from carbon that effectively removes impurities and contaminants from water through adsorption.

Microscopic single-celled organisms that can be harmful in drinking water, often requiring filtration or disinfection to ensure safety.

A type of filter element, often cylindrical, that traps particulates and contaminants as water passes through it.

A fundamental element in water filtration, especially in activated carbon filters, used to adsorb chemicals and improve taste and odour.

A protective layer in some filters that provides structural integrity and can also filter out bacteria and larger particles.

Substances present in water that may be harmful to health, including chemicals, bacteria, heavy metals, and more.

Chloramines Chemical compounds formed when chlorine is combined with ammonia, used as a disinfectant but can affect taste and odour in water.

A strong disinfectant commonly used in water treatment to kill bacteria and other pathogens, though it can affect water taste and odour.

Protective forms of certain microorganisms that can be resistant to conventional disinfection methods, requiring specialised filtration.

A mineral added to drinking water to prevent tooth decay, though its presence is sometimes regulated due to health concerns.

A filtration system that relies on gravity to move water through the filter, often used in household and outdoor setups.

Elements like lead, mercury, and cadmium that can be toxic in small amounts and are often removed through specialised filtration methods.

Small plastic particles that can contaminate water sources, requiring advanced filtration techniques to remove.

Microorganisms that can cause disease and are often present in contaminated water, necessitating thorough filtration.

Solid particles that settle at the bottom of water sources, including dirt and debris, often removed through pre-filtration methods.

Antimicrobial agents used in some filtration systems to inhibit the growth of bacteria and other pathogens.

A filtration process that targets particles smaller than one micron, effectively removing bacteria, viruses, and certain contaminants.

The cloudiness or haziness of water caused by suspended particles, which can indicate the presence of contaminants and affect filtration efficiency.